Zvinoenderana neshumo ichangoburwa iyo indasitiri yemachira yepasirese yaifungidzirwa kunge ingangoita 920 bhiriyoni yemadhora, uye ichasvika ingangoita 1,230 bhiriyoni panosvika 2024.
Indasitiri yemachira yakashanduka zvakanyanya kubva pakagadzirwa jini yekotoni muzana remakore rechi18. Ichi chidzidzo chinodonongodza maitiro achangoburwa emachira kutenderera pasirese uye inoongorora kukura kweindasitiri. Micheka zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kubva kune faibha, filaments, shinda, kana shinda, uye zvinogona kuve zvehunyanzvi kana zvechinyakare zvinoenderana nezvavanoda kushandisa. Technical textiles inogadzirwa kuitira basa chairo. Mienzaniso inosanganisira sefa yemafuta kana diaper. Machira akajairwa anogadzirirwa aesthetics kutanga, asi anogona zvakare kubatsira. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mabhachi neshangu.
Indasitiri yemachira imusika mukuru wepasi rose unobata nyika dzese pasirese zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vaitengesa donje vakakwidza mitengo mukupera kwa2000 nekuda kwenyaya dzezvirimwa asi ndokuzoshaya donje sezvo raitengeswa nekukasika. Kuwedzerwa kwemutengo uye kushomeka kwakaratidzwa mumitengo yevatengi yezvigadzirwa zvaive nekotoni, zvichiita kuti kutengesa kwakaderera. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti mutambi wega wega muindasitiri anogona kukanganisa vamwe. Sezvineiwo, maitiro uye kukura kunotevera mutemo uyu zvakare.
Kubva pamaonero epasirese, indasitiri yemachira imusika unoramba uchikura, nevakwikwidzi vakakosha vari China, European Union, United States, neIndia.
China: Nyika Inotungamira Mugadziri uye Anotengesera kunze
China ndiyo inotungamira pasi rose kugadzira uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika machira nembatya mbishi. Uye kunyangwe China iri kuendesa kunze zvipfeko zvishoma uye machira akawanda kupasi nekuda kwedenda re coronavirus, nyika inoramba iri pachinzvimbo semugadziri wepamusoro uye mutengesi kunze. Zvikuru, migove yemusika weChina mukutengeswa kwezvipfeko zvepasi rose yakadonha kubva pakakwirira ye38.8% muna 2014 kusvika yakaderera ye30.8% muna 2019 (yaive 31.3% muna 2018), maererano neWTO. Zvichakadaro, China yakaverengera 39.2% yezvigadzirwa zvepasi rose zvemachira muna 2019, yaive rekodhi nyowani yakakwira. Izvo zvakakosha kuti tizive kuti China iri kuita basa rakanyanya kukosha semutengesi wemicheka kune nyika zhinji dzinotengesa zvipfeko muAsia.
Vatambi Vatsva: India, Vietnam neBangladesh
Sekureva kweWTO, India ndiyo yechitatu pakukura indasitiri yekugadzira micheka uye ine mutengo wekunze unodarika bhiriyoni makumi matatu emadhora. India ine mutoro weanopfuura 6% yezvese zvigadzirwa zvemachira, pasi rose, uye inokosheswa ingangoita US$ 150 bhiriyoni.
Vietnam yakapfuura Taiwan uye yakatora nzvimbo yechinomwe pakukura mutengesi wembatya muna 2019 ($8.8bn yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, yakakwira 8.3% kubva pagore rapfuura), kekutanga munhoroondo. Shanduko iyi inoratidzawo kuedza kweVietnam kuenderera mberi nekusimudzira indasitiri yayo yemachira nembatya uye kusimbisa huwandu hwekugadzira machira hwemuno huri kubhadhara.
Kune rimwe divi, kunyangwe zvipfeko zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuVietnam (zvinosvika 7.7%) neBangladesh (kusvika 2.1%) zvakanakidzwa nekukura nekukurumidza muna 2019, zvavakawana muzvikamu zvemusika zvaive zvishoma (kureva, hapana shanduko yeVietnam uye zvishoma kumusoro. 0.3 muzana kubva pa6.8% kusvika 6.5% yeBangladesh). Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti nekuda kwezvimiro zvesimba, hapana nyika imwe yati yabuda kuti ive "Inotevera China." Pane kudaro, migove yemusika yakarasika yeChina mukutengesa kunze kwembatya yakazadzikiswa neboka renyika dzeAsia zvachose.
Musika wemachira wakasangana neroller coaster ride mumakore gumi apfuura. Nekuda kwekudzikira kwenyika, kukuvadzwa kwezvirimwa, uye kushomeka kwechigadzirwa, kwave nenyaya dzakasiyana siyana dzinotadzisa kukura kweindasitiri yemachira. Indasitiri yemachira muUnited States yakaona kukura kwakanyanya muhafu yemakore gumi nemaviri uye yakawedzera ne14% panguva iyoyo. Kunyangwe hazvo basa risati rakura zvakanyanya, rave mutsauko mukuru kubva mukupera kwema2000s apo paive nekurasika kwakakura.
Kubva nhasi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakati pemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemamiriyoni makumi matanhatu vanhu vanoshandirwa muindasitiri yemachira pasi rese. Basa muindasitiri yembatya rakakosha mukusimudzira hupfumi hwakaita seIndia, Pakistan, neVietnam. Indasitiri inotora chikamu che2% cheGross Domestic Product yepasi rose uye inoverengera chikamu chakatokura cheGDP kune vanotungamira pasi rose vagadziri nevatengesi vemicheka nembatya.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-02-2022